The MFC cluster is a powerful improvised explosive weapon. It is essentially six independent MFC grenades wrapped up together and rigged to explode like mines (in keeping with this theme, note that the MFC cluster requires six times as many microfusion cells as one MFC grenade). When used, the player flings all six of the mines independently. The mines bounce off surfaces when thrown and can cover a large distance very quickly by ricocheting.
Note that while in many respects the weapon is a placed weapon (for example, it cannot be used in V.A.T.S.), the distance that the individual mines travel is quite far and exceeds any real mine (such as the bottlecap mine). This essentially means that the MFC cluster can be treated as a low-range throwing weapon.
Mines that have not detonated can be disarmed and added back into the player's inventory as six separate MFC grenades. In reality, you can get less, in case one or more mine ricochets off somewhere and either detonates by itself or gets lost.
Due to the unusual scatter-effect of this weapon, mines may bounce back towards the Courier and companions, even in relatively open areas.
Because the MFC cluster is six different projectiles, DT (either the player's or the enemy's) is much more effective at mitigating the damage.
It counts as 6 grenades, but there are 8 grenades in the cluster.
Even if thrown a ways apart, the microfusion cells tend to detonate simultaneously. This makes it capable of having a surprisingly large blast radius.
When thrown at the Auto-doc in The Sink, they may stick to the door. They can still be detonated or disarmed.
When thrown at water, the mines will dip under the surface, often traveling a long ways, before bobbing back up and floating. They may still be detonated or disarmed an collected.